1. Để thể hiện sự tăng lên, chúng ta có thể dùng:
X increased / rose / grew from … to …
There was a/an increase / rise / growth in X.
X rose gradually / steadily / sharply / dramatically to reach … in 2005.
This figure continued to rise in the next two years and reached … in 1982.
The figure then climbed sharply/slowly to 20,000 in 1982.
2. Để thể hiện sự giảm xuống, các mẫu câu thường đươc dùng là:
Y decreased / fell / dropped / declined from … to …
There was a decrease / fall / drop / decline in Y
There was a gradual / steady / sharp / dramatic fall to … in 2005
The rate of unemployed women in Vietnam fell by 0.9% to 10% in 2014. (Giảm 0.9% so với năm trước đó, từ 10.9% xuống còn 10%).
3. Để so sánh các số liệu với nhau, các bạn có thể cân nhắc các mẫu câu sau:
The rate of unemployed women in Vietnam fell to its lowest level (15%) in 2009.
The figure then continued to rise and reach its peak at 18% in 2010, the highest rate recorded in the chart.
The number of unemployed women in Vietnam was at a high record of 4 million in 2010.
The number of unemployed women in Vietnam was significantly higher/lower than that of men during the given period.
4. Nếu số liệu đi ngang (không thay đổi) thì các cấu trúc dùng sẽ là:
The figure then remained constant in the next two years, at 19%.
There was no change in the rate of unemployed women in Vietnam in the next three years.
The unemployment rate was/remained unchanged at 5.5 percent.
The unemployment rate levelled off (at 18%). [Lưu ý: Dùng level off sau một quá trình tăng/giảm mạnh của số liệu]
The unemployment figure plateaued/ reached a plateau at 20% in 2010.
5. Để diễn đạt “mức độ” thay đổi, các bạn nhớ sử dụng trạng từ phù hợp. Một số colocation cần nhớ là:
To increase: considerably, dramatically, enormously, greatly, significantly, substantially / slightly / gradually / rapidly, sharply, steeply / steadily / twofold, threefold, etc.
A _ increase: dramatic, significant, sharp, rapid / gradual, steady
A _ decrease: dramatic, sharp, significant / slight / gradual, steady
To decrease: considerably, dramatically, drastically, markedly, significantly / slightly, steadily / gradually
The crime rate increased / decreased by 10%. (giảm 10% so với số liệu trước)
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